Guided Reading Essay

Abstract This paper will describe the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the reading classroom. It will also describe how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the guided is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper will describe the instructional level of a student previously interview in Module 1. Guided Reading How to use leveling tools yourself Guided reading is an instructional approach that teacher uses when students are reading at the same level of instruction. The teacher selects books from certain reading levels to guide students to make connections from print to the text. The books are easily read with the support of the teacher. Challenges and opportunities for problem solving are offered in the text. Choice selection of the books from the teacher will expand their strategies. The purpose of guided reading is for the teacher to select books that students can read with 90% accuracy. When the story is introduced to the student by the teacher, the students, through their own strategies understand and enjoy the story because it is available to them. Pinnell, (2007) states that guided reading gives students the chance to apply the strategies they already know to new text. The teacher supplies support, but the ultimate goal is independent reading. Readers that have developed some since of print have already gained important understanding of it. If they have encountered a problem in reading they will monitor their own reading and check on themselves while searching for possibilities or alternatives How to locate list of leveled books. In order for the teacher to locate leveled books for their students, the teacher should select the students with similar reading habits and behaviors. These students should experience reading habits and behaviors in the same time frame. The guide lines of the choice of books should be not too easy, yet not too hard, and offers a variety of challenges to help readers become flexible problem solvers (Pinnell, 2007). When choosing a guided reading program or leveled books, the teacher should look for books that are similar to their knowledge, are interesting to them, support them to move to the next step in reading, and give just the right amount of challenge to ensure that problem solving is taking place while supporting fluency and understanding. Leveled book collection is a large set of books organized in levels of difficulty from easy books that an emergent reader might read, to the longer, complex books that advanced readers will select. The leveled books collections may be housed in an area where it is easily accessible. A key component in a guided reading program is the leveled books. The scholastic Guided Reading Program is a varied collection of books that are categorized by the kind and level of challenge they offer children as they are learning to read. The Guided Reading Program consists of 260 books organized into 26 levels of difficulty –Levels A-Z. Many different characteristics of the texts are considered in determining the level of challenge and support a particular book or short story presents (Pinnell, 2007) Some leveled books may consist of the teachers’ working collaborately together to construct leveled books from large collections of books. When teachers have been teaching a long time, they began to acquire the knowledge necessary to know what is easy and what is difficult for their students. When using the books frequently, the teachers will notice that categories of their collections will become more established (Scholastic. com) How the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled. There are factors and criteria’s for leveling books. There is no distinct characteristic that can be used to evaluate text or reading materials. Some of the factors that are considered when evaluating text are length, layout, structure and organization, illustrations, words, phrases and sentences, literacy features, and content and theme (Scholastics. com). When compared the book that was leveled with the books in Scholastics, it was very close. The formation was based on the factors and criteria’s’ for leveling books. Guided reading classroom, how it functions, its advantages, and its disadvantages. The guided reading classrooms should have an independent reading practice location. This independent practice space should welcome students to a rich environment for reading. Teachers with a good sense of what a rich reading environment consist of will include in the reading practice location pillows or a couch for a feeling of an invitation to read. Students need to feel very comfortable when reading. The library in a guided classroom needs to be complete with rich and exciting literature. Some of the literature that should be included in the library is fiction, nonfiction, fantasy, magazines, current events, and sports and whatever you feel as a teacher that the students will be interested in. Technology is a major component of a guided reading classroom. It services as an independent and small group practice while the teacher is working with students in a small guided reading group. The guided reading groups should consist of four to six students at a time. The sessions for guided reading groups vary depending upon what level of readers you are dealing with. It is often 10-15 minutes for emergent readers, and 15-30 minutes for more advanced readers. Also in a guided reading classroom there should be cross curriculum centers for writing, art, and science which can be done at their desk with very little instruction. This would take very explicit planning on the teacher part. This will allow for the teacher to continue guided reading groups. A teacher-led small-group assessment area should be located in a place where the teacher has total vision of her classroom, but yet in an area where the students that are in the guided reading area can be together so that the skill can be implemented as one. Finally, there should be a designated area where the teacher can teach in a whole group setting. The advantages of a guided reading classroom when the teachers are working with a particular group, is that they can control what is going on in the classroom and ensure that the students are actively engaged at all times. By setting guided reading classrooms up this way, the teacher can take an informal assessment of behaviors whether or not the students are working in centers, at their desk or with the teacher in a guided reading group. The teacher should be taking running records, jotting anecdotal notes, or even conducting oral interviews if time permits. The disadvantages of this guided reading classroom is that it will take a lot of planning time to ensure that the centers all have meaningful activities that will help them read or increase their ability to interact with each other. Most of the time teachers do not have centers that are effective because of the necessary time needed for preparation to ensure an effective guided reading classroom. These guided reading groups should constantly change from week to week to ensure that all students are actively engaged in a differentiated atmosphere. Student from Module 1 This student could fall between emergent literacy and beginning reader because in module 1 the student started finger pointing and looking at the picture to determine the words. Also the student had trouble with the recognition of sight words. The student experienced difficulty with decoding unfamiliar words. This was a 3rd grade student that seemed very happy at home. The student does understand the concepts of print and words. Even thought she had trouble with decoding unfamiliar words, she seems to have phonological awareness. Knowledge of alphabets was noted. Her Independent level was grade 1, Instructional grade 1-2, and Frustration Level is Grade 3. Can this student benefit from a pull-out intervention program that focus on sight words and decoding? Conclusion This paper described the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the reading classroom. It will also described how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the guided is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper described the instructional level of a student previously interview in Module 1. References Pinnell, G. S. (2007, Guided Reading Program, Scholastic, Scholastic, Red, New York, NY Scholastic. Com Retrieved September 14, 2009 from http://www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id+4177.

The Phenomenon of Human Trafficking

Table of contents 1. Introduction2 2. Definition of Key terms;2 2. 1. Human trafficking2 2. 2. Victim2 3. Victims of human trafficking3 4. Trends in human trafficking3 5. Causes of human trafficking4 5. 1. Poverty and desire for better life of exploited victims4 5. 2. Corruption and the abuse of influence4 5. 3. High profits and Low risk. 5 6. Recruitment strategies for human trafficking victims6 6. 1. Being born in to slavery6 6. 2. Use of force6 6. 3. Fraud6 6. 4. Coercion7 7. SEVERE FORMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS8 7. 1. Sex Trafficking8 8. Prevention of trafficking in humans8 . 1. Economic alternatives to prevent and deter trafficking8 8. 2. Public awareness and information9 8. 3. Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking9 9. Case study10 9 held for human trafficking – News 2410 10. Conclusion11 11. References12 Introduction The phenomenon of human trafficking or modern-day slavery has received increased media coverage globally; this is because millions of peopl e around the world suffer in silence under slave-like conditions of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation from which they cannot free themselves. Human trafficking not only continues but appears to be on the rise worldwide primarily because most countries are involved in human trafficking to some extent, either as a place of recruitment, transit or the destination for trafficked individuals. This essay addresses the phenomenon of human trafficking as a form of victimisation and will define key concepts, identify and discuss victims of human trafficking and its trends. The discussion will further look in to the causes of vulnerability to trafficking, reasons for trafficking, strategies for recruiting trafficked people and the responses or courses of action to reduce human trafficking. A case study of recent trafficking issue will also be provided to show the reality of the problem and lastly the conclusion will sum up the discussion in a nutshell. Definition of Key terms; 1 Human trafficking Hodge and Lietz (2007; 163) explain that human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people, by the use of force, threat or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, and deception. It also includes the abuse of power and position by giving or receiving payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation as explained by Hodge and Lietz (2007; 163) include forced prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour and services, servitude and the involuntary removal of organs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime explain human trafficking as an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them (UNODC, 2010). 2 Victim According to Howley and Dorris (2007; 229) victims are persons who have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering including grief, economic loss and/or substantial impairment of rights accorded them by the state law through acts or omissions that are in violation of the criminal law operating in the territory. Victims of human trafficking Winterdyk and Reichel (2010; 5) states that human traffickers tend to victimize the most vulnerable of the global community consisting mostly young women and children and to a certain extent men. According to Winterdyk and Reichel (2010; 5) victims live in desperate, brutal circumstances behind a wall of secrecy and deception and the victims are often sick due to physical and psychological trauma they experience especially when they try to escape. Bales (2004; 56) further elaborates that traffickers instil trauma through a sense of terror and helplessness and by destroying the victims sense of self. Perpetrators also threaten death and serious harm against victims and their families, they also isolate their victims from sources of information and emotional support where they can get help (Bales, 2004; 56). An explanation by Fichtelberg (2008; 151) clearly states that victims of human trafficking are forced into sex trade industry which includes prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, strip dancing, live-sex shows, servile marriages or illegal labour markets such as sweatshops, farm work, domestic work , industrial work, begging, child soldiers, participating in crime or other activities they did not agree to engage in. Fichtelberg (2008; 152) further elaborates that victims are often â€Å"invisible† as they are often isolated from their family members and other members of their ethnic and religious community and therefore unable to speak the local language and unfamiliar with the culture. Victims may not self-identify themselves as victims of human trafficking due to lack of knowledge about the criminal justice system of the host country, fear of retribution against themselves and their families by traffickers, fear of accusation within their families, post traumatic stress disorder and stigma (Fichtelberg, 2008; 152). Trends in human trafficking According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 163) determining the number of individuals who are trafficked is difficult due to high levels of secrecy and corruption within the human trafficking industry. Furthermore, victims are often hesitant to share their experiences due to fear of reprisals and as a result estimates of the prevalence of trafficking have varied considerably. Hodge & Lietz (2007;163) further states that approximately 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders annually, of which 70- 80% are female and approximately 50% are children. Among all females, approximately 70% are trafficked for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, while the remaining are males trafficked for forced labour and performing criminal activities for their traffickers (Hodge & Lietz, 2007;163). Causes of human trafficking 1 Poverty and desire for better life of exploited victims According to Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) poverty is one most important factor in becoming a target of human trafficking because the poverty that the trafficked immigrants experience in their countries of origin is too extreme that it threatens even basic survival, thus making them vulnerable to any promises of better livelihood. Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) further elaborates that vulnerability to trafficking is on the rise due to a mix of poverty and high levels of population density, infant mortality rate, children younger than 14, civil unrest and violence, cultural acceptance of trafficking and lower levels of food security in those poverty stricken nations. In addition, Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) explain that impoverished people often want to go to stable and wealthy countries like America for a better life then criminals use their dreams against them and put them into trafficking as they are desperate and willing to accept any opportunity to better their livelihood and help their family members who are also struggling. Corruption and the abuse of influence Surtees (2008;49) explains that corruption of government authorities including politicians, state functionaries, law enforcement officers and immigration officials play a critical role in the operation of human trafficking networks and allows trafficking to continue from, through, and within their countries. Surtees (2008;49) further elaborates that these corrupt officials supports trafficking in many ways; through document falsification, illegal border crossings, overlooking prostitution venues in identifying victims, compromising criminal investigations, lack of investigation and judges dismissing cases or imposing minimal sanctions against international human trafficking networks. Lehti and Aromaa (2007; 125) also states that some individuals within international organized crime syndicates are current or former officials and use their position and/or experience to support criminal ventures. Former members of security agencies, for example, are able to combine their security experience (which includes intimidation and torture) with high-level connections to political, professional and law enforcement agencies, allowing them to function with impunity by hiring legal and business experts as intermediaries or brokers through which they recruit people for trafficking (Lehti and Aromaa, 2007; 125). 3 High profits and Low risk. According to the U. S Department of State (2004) human trafficking is the third most profitable form of international organised crime after narcotics and arms sales. According to this report the sale of trafficked people is generating massive profits for traffickers because unlike narcotics and arms, which are sold once, people who are sold into prostitution and involuntary servitude earn profits continually, year after year, for their exploiters while victims get minimal wages or basically nothing due to debt bondage imposed to them by traffickers (U. S Department of State, 2004). In addition to high profits, Hodge & Lietz (2007; 166) explains that the risks associated with trafficking are quite minimal because prostitution is legal in many places like Germany and Netherlands therefore complicating efforts to incarcerate traffickers. Hodge & Lietz (2007; 166) further elaborates that even in countries where prostitution is clearly illegal, traffickers often go unpunished for their crimes because cases regularly fall apart due to lack of protection for witnesses, family involvement in the trafficking activity and fear of deportation. Furthermore, enforcement efforts usually focus on the women instead of the exploiters, consequently people often attempt to remain unnoticed for fear of being charged, particularly if they are trafficked internationally (Hodge & Lietz, 2007; 166). Recruitment strategies for human trafficking victims A study by Skinner (2008; 131) states that people are trafficked in three main ways which include being born into slavery, use of force i. e. eing kidnapped, sold, or physically forced and by fraud or being tricked. 1 Being born in to slavery According to Skinner (2008; 131) in some countries families may be permanent servants because they were born into it. This is mainly because their families may have been slaves or in debt bondage literally for generations and when they bear children they are automatically under the same circumstances and may be sold to whoever is involved in the human trafficking business. 2 Use of force Skinner (2008; 131) contends that in some countries children are literally sold into slavery out of their will by parents or other caregivers mainly because of the economic situations of the families. Skinner (2008; 131) further states that victims are then raped, beaten, intimidated, tortured and confined so as to control them after they have being sold. Forceful violence as explained by Skinner (2008; 131) is used especially during the early stages of victimisation, known as the ‘seasoning process’, which is used to break the victim’s resistance so as to make them easier to control. In some cases, Skinner (2008; 131) states that people who are often approached to work in the sex industry often refuse and traffickers may kidnap or abduct such individuals and smuggle them to the country of destination to work as slaves or sold to other traffickers. 3 Fraud Hyland (2001; 31) states that traffickers use seemingly legitimate organizations to recruit young women and children in to trafficking situations. This often involves the use of false advertisements promising desperate people a better life in another, usually richer, nation that offers jobs to work as waitresses, maids, landscapers and dancers. In other cases, Hyland (2001; 31) explain that women who work in nightclubs may be approached and promised much higher earnings for doing similar work in wealthier nations only to find that they will be forced in to prostitution and sex related exploitations. According to Hyland (2001; 31) some victims may be made to sign false contracts to make the whole experience seem even more legitimate, and sometimes psychologically binding them even more to the trafficker to erase any suspicions from the victim. Hyland (2001; 32) further states that in some instances, victims are approached by individuals known to their families in their home countries who invite them to come along with them for a job offer but only misleading them into trafficking situations where are often subjected to debt-bondage, usually in the context of paying off transportation fees into the destination countries. 4 Coercion According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), traffickers often make representations to their victims that physical harm may occur to them or others should the victim escape or attempt to escape. Such representations can have coercive effects on victims as direct threats to inflict such harm may cause victims to live in fear and become hopeless and hence easy to control. Coercion as explained by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000) means threats of serious harm to or physical restraint of any person, it also includes any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to make a person to believe that failure to perform an act would result in serious harm to or physical restraint against any person; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process SEVERE FORMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), severe forms of trafficking in persons’’ involves sex trafficking in which a commercial sex work is imposed on someone by the use of force, fraud, or coercion. It also includes recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labour or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Sex Trafficking According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) sex trafficking means the recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex. Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) further states that sex trafficking is no longer primarily localized in one geographic region but has increasingly become a transnational and a global problem. For example, a young girl may be recruited in Botswana, sold and â€Å"trained† in Italy, with the United States being the ultimate destination. Moreover, Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) states that traffickers primarily target young women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) most trafficking victims originate in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and to a lesser extent, Latin America while destination countries tend to be wealthy nations like America in which large sex industries like pornography exist or where prostitution is legalized or broadly tolerated as in the case of Germany and Netherlands. Prevention of trafficking in humans 1 Economic alternatives to prevent and deter trafficking According to Beyrer (2001; 547) states that initiatives to enhance economic opportunities for potential victims of trafficking can be used as a method to deter trafficking since the traffickers often target people who live in poverty in the promise for better livelihood. Such initiatives may include microcredit lending programs, training in business development, skills training, and job counselling. Other alternatives as stated by Beyrer (2001; 547) are the provision of grants to nongovernmental organizations that can help to accelerate and advance the political, economic, social, and educational roles and capacities of women in their countries. Furthermore, countries should initiate programs that promote women’s participation in economic decision which can help to empower women economically as they appear to be the primary target and most vulnerable to human trafficking (Beyrer, 2001; 547). 2 Public awareness and information Beyrer (2001; 548) states that countries should establish and carry out programs to increase public awareness on human trafficking particularly among potential victims about the dangers of trafficking and the protections that are available for them. Beyrer (2001; 548) further elaborates that governments should initiate programs to keep children, especially girls, in schools to reduce vulnerability at an early age and to educate persons who have been victims of trafficking. Moreover the development of educational curricula covering issues of human trafficking can also help to create awareness at an early stage Beyrer (2001; 548). Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking According to Beyrer (2001; 549) victim protection begins when a victim is rescued and reunited with their family and continues when they are assisted to rebuild their lives. It may include keeping victims safe from threat, violence and abuse, counselling, help with income generation, education and vocationa l training. Beyrer (2001; 549) further states that prosecution of traffickers ensures the victim receives full justice, including meaningful prosecution of the perpetrator. It requires vigorous law enforcement, fighting corruption, identifying and monitoring trafficking routes, and cross-border coordination. Moreover, Beyrer (2001; 549) further states that protection and assistance of victims can be achieved through policies or framework including government and NGO guiding principles, plans and strategies, which support all of the anti-trafficking initiatives that assist victims. Case study 9 held for human trafficking – News 24 Ermelo – Nine Nigerian men arrested for alleged human trafficking have appeared in the Ermelo Magistrate's Court, Mpumalanga police said on Tuesday. Captain Leonard Hlathi said the men appeared in court on Friday, and their case was postponed to April 16 for a bail application. He said it was alleged that the men forcefully took a number of women from around the country to Ermelo, where they were forced into prostitution. They were given R30 a day for food, and from time to time they were forced to take drugs to ensure they remained addicts. The 12 women, between the ages of 18 and 30, told the police the men took all their earnings and they were not paid for the jobs that they were doing. Home affairs officials confirmed that the suspects applied for asylum in South Africa, and according to the information in their application forms, they do not qualify for asylum. † He said they were being charged under the Sexual Offences Act and for kidnapping. â€Å"These men can consider themselves a bit lucky as human trafficking laws are in the process of being legislated. These acts of the suspects were exactly equivalent to human trafficking. † Source; news24. com The above case study reflects on the reality of the problem of human trafficking in South Africa as it the case in all countries around the world. According to the case study it is evident that traffickers target mostly young women who are more vulnerable and defenceless. As already discussed trafficking is a sustained by huge profits due to exploitation of the victims, the case study further support that statement as it states that the victims were given only a little amount enough to buy food and the profit they make from forced prostitution goes to the perpetrators. Conclusion In conclusion, women, children and people in general are not property to be bought and sold, used and discarded. Rather, they are human beings with certain fundamental human rights that prevent them from being sold into slavery. People should therefore know their rights and exercise them and countries should unite and cooperate in the war against human trafficking because it is a very complicated problem that cannot be solved by one country as it is a multinational crime involving highly organised crime syndicates. Citizens should also assist in the war against human trafficking by avoiding flashy job opportunities which often offer unrealistic rewards. At last people should also report suspicious cases of trafficking as this victims often work in public places including restaurants, hotels and massage parlours. References Bales, K. , (2004). Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press Beyrer, C. (2001). Shan women and girls and the sex industry in Southeast Asia: Political causes and human rights implications. Journal of Social Science and Medicine. Vol. 53. (6). Pp. 543–550. Fichtelberg, A. (2008). Crime without borders: An introduction to international criminal justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Hodge . R. & Lietz . C. A (2007). The International Sexual Trafficking of Women and Children . Journal of Women and Social Work. Vol. 22 (2). Pp. 163-174. Howley, S. , & Dorris, C. (2007). Legal rights for crime victims in the criminal justice system. (3rd ed. , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hyland, K. (2001). Protecting human victims of trafficking: An American framework. Berkeley Women’s Law Journal. Vol. 16 (3). Pp. 29-71. Lehti, M. , & Aromaa, K. (2007). Trafficking in humans for sexual exploitation in Europe. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. vol. 31 (7). Pp. 123–45. Logan. T. K. , Walker . R. & Hunt . G. (2009). Understanding Human Trafficking in the United States. Trauma Violence Abuse. vol. 10. (1). Pp. 3-30 Skinner, E. B. (2008). A crime so monstrous: Face-to-face with modern-day slavery. New York: Free Press Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), Human trafficking. (URL accessed 21 march 2010); http://www. state. gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/86205. html United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2010). Human trafficking. URL (accessed 20 March 2010): http://www. unodc. org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking. html

Background of the Study

This doctoral dissertation will be conducted to determine the intensity of need for abused victims’ therapist hotline, one stop shop and law enforcers in diverse States of America. It will make use of the experimental method of research as it is aimed at ascertaining intensity of needs for therapist hotline, parametric reception areas, and secured holding quarters for abused victims as against law enforcers mere investigations often including mandatory reporting or convincing the victim to do her job of confronting the suspect through standard judicial proceedings. Chapter 1 Introduction   Background of the Study There is a demand for abused victims’ hotline and a one stop shop in diverse states of America.   Consequently, the building interest was by no means, then, limited to Law enforcers.   However, it is now spreading all over America at a rate that surprises secular and non-secular entities that supplies similar services. Americans have developed great interest in this endeavor because of its humanitarian and public values.    They apparently have realized that it makes victims feel safe in non-judgmental, anonymous places to test the waters as they begin their quest to find appropriate help they need.   Many may have realized that abused victims’ hotline and one stop shop, lifts up their spirit, brighten victims’ world, and add zest to life.   Moreover, abused victim’s hotline and one stop shop is an avenue that promises socially rewarding prospects. Statement of the Problem This study is mainly concerned with finding out the intensity of need for abused victims’ therapist hotline, one stop shop and law enforcers in diverse States of America.   It will address itself to the following problems: 1.   Which of the needs classified as?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a. therapist hotline;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b. parametric reception areas;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c. secured holding quarters;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d. law enforcers mere investigations;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e. mandatory reporting; and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   f. convincing victim to confront suspect with legal options will best meet the requirement of an abused victim? 2.   At what category will the fragile case of an abuse victim be best handled and accommodated? 3.   Which among these classified needs meets the immediate requirements of the abused victim under the following circumstances?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a. rape victim   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  b. substance abuser   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  c. domestically abused Significance of the Study In a country like the United States of America the need for an avenue that promises socially rewarding prospects is vital; hence, it becomes imperative to extend present day knowledge on developing speedy communication system, appropriate reception and apt accommodations for abused victims. The researcher believed that the baseline data that will be gathered for the results of this study shall serve as guide of other researchers in their quest for additional knowledge specially those interested in the field of psychology and sociology Theoretical Framework of the Study An abused victim normally walks off with traumas of their pains. Some of them prevail over the stress and surfaced with triumph. But, most are too weak to be devastated with grief.   The difference between civil and criminal cases in domestic violence (Rainer, 2006) is a problem which an abused victim must face up to. Plus is the idea of confronting the suspect in court considering the raw sores of recently inflicted pains abused victims immediate needs must be addressed first prior to other legal measures. Commonly, Social psychologist views that the impact of social processes on human behavior may specialize into attitude formation and attitude change, group dynamics, prejudice, or violent behavior. Karl Emil Maximilian Weber (1864-1920) a famous social theorist of the 20th century took Kant view of moral psychology suggesting principled deed is primarily concomitant with self-discipline (Mohr, J. C. B., 1984). So is the interest of psychotherapist as specialist in the area of handling abused victims. For Weber, the significance and worth of what one does would rely upon one’s perspective of things (Mohr, J. C. B., 1984) which is exactly the same perspective as those the advocates of an abused victims’ hotline, parametric reception area, holding areas. These steps can be proven, understood and explained making it rational (Mohr, J. C. B., 1984). Assuming the abused victims’ desire for treatment and rehabilitation which may be a specific personality and is dependent upon the victims’ personal commitment, the strength of community values where the victims’ are, is a very important foundation (Mohr, J. C. B., 1984). Hypotheses:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.   Ho: There is no significant difference among therapist hotline, parametric reception areas, secured holding quarters, law enforcers mere investigations, mandatory reporting, and convincing victim to confront suspect with legal options to meet the requirement of an abused victim?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.   Ã‚  Ho: There is no category that will best handle and accommodate the fragile case of an abuse victim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ho: There is none among the different classification of needs meets the immediate requirements of the rape victim, substance abuser and domestically abused victim. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study will be delimited to the use of therapist hotline, parametric reception areas, secured holding quarters, law enforcers mere investigations, mandatory reporting, and convincing abused victims such as rape, substance abuser and domestically abused to confront suspect with legal options.

Being a leader is not easy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Being a leader is not easy - Essay Example "Nothing matters more in winning than getting the right people on the field. Differentiation helps you do that." (Welch Way, 29 March 2009). One of the biggest challenges faced by the leaders these days is getting the right people for the job, any job can be completed by anybody but the point is how efficiently a person can do a job Leadership is all about perfection and any wrong decisions taken can prove very fatal. For instance a leader hires a person, who he believes is the right man/woman for the organization but the work of that employee proves otherwise, the organization can suffer because of the same and the loss occurred because of that wrong decision of the leader will always remain irrecoverable. It is very difficult these days to find the right people, who can commit their future to the organization but leaders are expected to have the quality of differentiation, a leader who possesses this quality can never go wrong in the process of selecting the right people for the or ganization. ... This is one of the biggest challenges which the leaders these days face, if a leader is born with this quality then major pitfalls in leadership can be avoided without facing much difficulty. The managers need to take up multiple roles and this will ensure the satisfaction of many demands. Henry Mintzberg has given a comprehensive guideline which consists of ten roles that are common to the work done by all managers. These roles are further divided into groups, interpersonal, informational, and decisional. The role of information ensures that every manager is aware of what the other manager is doing. The interpersonal role is largely responsible for providing the information and ensuring that every manager is well aware of what is going around them. The decision role makes use of the information provided by the interpersonal role and the process of decision making starts. The performance of managerial roles and the requirements of these roles is usually played at different times by the same manager and to different degrees and it depends on the level and function of management. The ten roles are described individually, but they form an integrated whole." (Henry Mintzberg , 29 March 2009). Another big challenge which the leaders of today face is the daunting task of decision making. Decision making is the most challenging task for any leader. One wrong decision can change many things around in an organization and those changes will surely be for the worse of the organization on the other hand one good decision can help the organization in more ways than one. Decision making is a very delicate process, numerous things have to be kept in mind, a leader just cannot go on making wrong decisions because that would result in disaster,

Conflict resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict resolution - Essay Example The subject of conflict resolution is and will always remain vital despite the organizational philosophy adopted for mediating worker-worker relationship (Daniel, 2001). Furthermore, because of increased global competition and attendant demand to increase profitability by reducing the bottom line; it is a fact worth noting that conflict in the modern workplace is more than ever likely to be attributable to both in-fighting over limited resources bases within and between firm units and lessened opportunities for stable employment(Daniel, 2001). In writing about conflict resolution, Daniel discussed about three conflict resolution theories which include: power contests, rights contest and interest reconciliation. In this paper, the main focus will be on interest reconciliation as a way of resolving conflict. In trying to understand ways for resolving conflict, the paper will use the 1926 United Kingdom general strike as an example. Discussion Interest reconciliation, according to Danie l, is one of the best methods for solving either personally or at organizational level. The interest reconciliation theory involves a crucial step of recognizing potential for conflict of interest. In many instances, effective conflict resolution can make a difference between negative and positive outcomes (Daniel, 2001). The following is some viable steps that arise from interest reconciliation as a way of resolving conflict, as lifted from the works of Daniel (2001). This mostly applies to organization or government institutions as the case of 1926 UK conflict. Develop a clear policy on disclosure, so that all the stakeholders know what outside interest must be divulged. This is necessary because sometimes affected parties might have not recognized the conflict or did not reveal it in good time. Distribute this information or policy to each and every that is affected by the conflict either directly or indirectly. This will make the information available to the world at large. Keep the policy proportionate. For example, it may arise that a person who has a conflicting interest should just dislodge himself from a decision-making process or a particular meeting. The next step is to develop a clear policy that will handle the situation by ensuring that a person does not disclose conflicting interest. The 1926 UK general strike was a general strike that lasted nine days. It was a conflict between general council of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) and the British government. The main area of conflict was the demand by the TUC to force the government to prevent the wage reduction and worsening conditions for 800,000 locked-out coal miners. The workers maintained resistance for a few months before their own economic demands forced them to go back to the mines. On May 1926, the trade union congress announced that the strike was called off after a return to work formula was developed between them and the British government. This was after thorough consultation with the concerned parties and after some interest has been satisfied. As can be noted, the above example is true description of how interest reconciliation can be used to resolve conflicts. Both the TUC and the British government had different interest at first. However, with the emergence of conflict, they were forced to reconcile their

EU Structural Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EU Structural Funds - Essay Example Indeed, this approach towards collective growth broadly forms the guideline for the distribution of the Funds; especially during the current budgetary cycle (DNSRF 2006, p. 7, 9). The Structural Funds are split into the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) (DNSRF 2006, p. 7, 10), based on the kind of activities they foster - while they are distributed based on 'Objectives'. Objectives are the eligibility criteria drafted by the EU which determine the volume of investment aid that can be assigned to a region. The areas that are eligible for investment aid are identified by the Member States based on the EU's Regional State Aid Guidelines (DNSRF 2006, p. 6, 7). The 2000-2006 programme had three Objectives, namely, Objective 1, Objective 2 and Objective 3, and also a few Community Initiatives like 'Interreg'. The 2007-2013 perspective has three Objectives again, but has the following changes: the Convergence Objective (which replaces Objective 1), to develop those regions with a GDP per Capita below seventy-five percent of the EU average; the Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective (which replaces Objectives 2 and 3), to support the more prosperous regions; and the Cooperation Objective (which replaces 'Interreg'), to foster cross-border and trans-national cooperation (DNSRF 2006, p. 7, 11). ... DF activities include developing infrastructure and environmental sustainability, improving accessibility and connectivity, promoting community regeneration and rural development, promoting and encouraging enterprise, increasing investment in research and development and improving favourable business environment. ESF activities include increasing - and tackling barriers to - employment, improving skills levels of the local workforce, progressing people into sustained employment and progressing people to better-quality and better-paid jobs (DNSRF 2006, pp. 35-36, 44-48). National Strategic Reference Framework Each Member State is required to draw up an Assisted Areas Map based on the EU's Regional State Aid Guidelines which establishes the areas that are eligible for investment aid. These areas are provided aid either by the Member State or through the Structural Funds (DNSRF 2006, p. 6, 7). The EU does not fund all the projects of its Member States. It requires them to draw up a National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) which not only acts as a reference instrument for the provision of Structural Funds but also ensures that the "Structural Funds spending is consistent with the Community Strategic Guidelines and the Member State's National Reform Programme (NRP) for delivering the Lisbon Agenda." (DNSRF 2006, p. 9, 18). The NSRF includes an "analysis of the Member State's economic strengths and weaknesses and [specifies] the strategy chosen for the [three Objectives] (DNSRF 2006, p. 9, 19). The NSRF thus becomes a key instrument upon which the EU depends, for the distribution of its funds - specifically the Structural Funds. As it needs to illustrate a Member State's strengths and weaknesses, the NSRF contains data from the previous perspectives, thus leading

Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for Germany 11101 - Essay Example For example the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (2014) noted that global FDI flows increased by 4.5% in 2013. According to Radice (2012), even though the value does not represent a very highly anticipated growth, it still gives an indication that FDIs have been growing. IMF (2013) observed that even though FDIs are largely initiated by businesses and investors, the countries involved in these FDIs, whether they are home countries or host countries have ways in which the international investments through FDIs affect them. To get a better understanding of how FDI affects a country however, Frankel (2012) advised on the need to separate outward direct investment from inward investment. A preliminary search through literature has revealed that most researchers have focused their attention about FDI on how individual companies and investors benefit or loss out from FDI (Alguacil, 2002 and Imani, 2003). This leaves very little room for discussion about how countries as entities and stakeholders in international investments are impacted by FDIs. For the few available researches that put countries on the focus, they tend to concentrate on what the countries earn by way of acting as host countries to foreign companies that invest in those countries (Meier and Stiglitz, 2012). This makes knowledge very limited on how countries are impacted by FDI when these international investments take place with the countries acting as home countries. That is, when companies or investors from one country go to other countries to invest, there are both advantages and disadvantages to their countries of origin that needs to be researched into. As Germany is considered an important globa l player in the FDI engagements, it is important that research is performed on not just how Germany is benefits from the international

Organization Theory, Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organization Theory, Design and Change - Essay Example Societal ethics are the principles that have been laid for every member of the society to live by. It is through societal ethics, that a legal system is formed in order to guide people’s actions and how they interact with each other in the society. Professional ethics are the tenets that individuals of a particular profession must use to manage the manner at which they execute their tasks or utilize the resources within their reach. Individual ethics is the moral and personal values that have been set by a particular individual in order to guide their actions and interactions with other people. In an organization; different individuals with different professions are taken from the society in order to achieve a common goal. This is when the combination of societal, professional and individual ethics forms the basis of organizational ethics (Jones 47). Organizational ethics has it that each individual must live by his or her individual ethics, while observing the ethics of their profession and the ethics of the society at the same time. The conformance of each individual within the organization to the ethical behavior means that the collective interest of the society is safeguarded (Jones 51).

Decisions in Paradise Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decisions in Paradise Part II - Essay Example Despite the business risk associated with the Kava project there are also tremendous opportunities and benefits associated with the project if the company takes advantage it. At the turn of the second decade of the 21st century we have reached a point in our history in which society expects more from corporations than ever. A company that finds a special needs community such as Kava which has been forgotten by the rest of society can utilized their business investment as a catalyst for a global social responsibility campaign. The first alternative solution is to build a brand new factory in Kava to expand the production capacity of the enterprise. This alternative implies the highest capital commitment of any other alternative. The company is facing political pressures from the Kava government for greater involvement in the community. The solution would comply with the political factor, but it might not be the best alternative because there are other stakeholders to consider. The business risk associated with this alternative is high. Kava has a topography and geographic location that makes it susceptible to natural disasters such as tidal waves, tsunamis, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, fires, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes (Decisions in Paradise: How to Be, or Not to Be, 2009). There are other issues in Kava. The population is at high risk for Avian Flu and the population faces an HIV / AIDS epidemic. The island is susceptible to petroleum spills, which is an undesirable business risk due to the pot ential ecological disaster in the entire island. The region has a high risk for both domestic and foreign terrorist attacks. The shareholders of the company that invested a lot of money in the firm must be considered, thus the philanthropic plan in Kava cannot exceed business logic. In order to provide an analysis utilizing critical thinking techniques a model that applies

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay Government: (National)- Greenwich Council (Locally) World Heritage Site (Internally). The National Maritime Museum set target by the government to meet the needs and to attract different types of customer all over the world and also to provide better facilities such as providing wheel chair for disabled people. Sponsors: one of the sponsors is PO they want quality exhibits, which means they could have good publicity which lead to better public image. Researchers- Researchers produce different types of research from over the world and encourage the museum to improve on their exhibits. Suppliers: who supply food and other products and the supplier expect good pay at the right time. Owners of Exhibits: The owner of exhibits wants security on their collections of picture or etc and a good feedback from the museum. Customers: The customer wants good Customer Service, helpfulness staff and to provide better facilities for special needs. Staff: The staff should be motivated, which then will lead to good sales and profit. The staff will have an experience working with different types of customers. Friends ([emailprotected]): Friends of the National Maritime Museum actively support the largest Maritime Museum in the world. The friends mission is to support the work of the National Maritime Museum, the Royal Observatory and the Queens House by. In 1997/1998 the Maritime Museum had 50% of people visited the museum, but in 1998/1999 the Maritime Museum had 54%, which means the visitor number has increased by 4%. In 1999/00 the museum had 52% but by 2000/01 it has decreased by 3%. By 2001/02 the museum visitors has gone up by 10%. This table shows the predicted target market. The age group of 18-24, In 1997/98 they were 10% of Visitors and in 2001/02 it was 7% which means it has decreased by 3 % since 1997/1998. In 1997/98 they were 18% of visitors visited who are aged from 25-34 and in 2001/02 it was 19%, which means it has gone up by 1% since 1997/98. Although it was a change in 1998/99, because the number of visitors who are aged 25-34 has increased by 4% since1997/98. The age group 35-44, in 1997/98 it was 23% and in 2001/02 it was 23% which means they have been no change but in 1999/00 the percentage went up suddenly they have decrease since 2000/02. In 1997/98 it was 24% but in 1998/99 the percentage went down by 2%. From 1999/01 they have been no change of percentage of visitors arriving but in 2001/02 the percentage has decreased by 1% since 2000/01. The age group of 55-64, in 1997/98 it was 15% but the figure went down until 1999/00. However the figure went up in 2000/02. In 1997/98 it was 10% of visitors who are aged 65+ but the percentage stayed same until 1999. Although the percentage starts to rise slowly in 2000 by 2001 the percentage has gone up by 2%. This table shows the predicted income. In 1997/98 it was 37% visitors visited who were A/B Income earners, but by 2001/02 it has increased by 47%. The C1 Income earners visited the museum in 1997/98 was 46% and in 2001/02 it has decreased by 35%, but also the percentage did rise in 1999/00. In 1997/98 it was 12% who were C2 income earners, but in 2001/02 it has decreased by 9%, however the figure did rise in 1999/00. the D/E Income earners visited the museum in 1997/98 was 5% but in 2001/02 it has gone up by 9%, but there was steady change in 1998/2000. Overall it show that in 1997/98 it was most likely that C1 Income earners visited the Museum but by 2001/02 it has changed because A/B Income earners are likely to visit the museum * Predicted staffing needs This table shows the staffing levels. The visitors were very satisfied with the exhibition display in 1997/98 but the visitors were very satisfied in 2001/02 because it has gone up by 4%. There were only 2% of visitors not satisfied with the exhibition display in 1997/98 but it went down by 1%. In 1997/98, 50% of visitors were satisfied with the staff but in 2001/02 the percentage has increased by 14%. They were no satisfaction in 1997/98 or in 2001/02. This is an evaluation on customer service at Maritime Museum. I will be evaluating the service provided by the museum when I went for the visit. I enjoyed my trip to the Maritime Museum and it has helped with my assignment on customer service and also they provided information, which will help my coursework. The service provided by the National Maritime Museum was excellent and the staffs were motivated to their work. I had great greetings when I visited the museum and I was provided information on the exhibits, when I didnt know. E. g. when I visited one of the history section I didnt know about Nelson so the staff took his time to explain for us, so I thought that was good customer service. The lecture from the staff was good because they took their time on providing information, which I thought it was a good customer service. The purpose of this letter is to express to you my apologies for any inconvenience you may have experienced on the 27th of March 2006 due to standards of service you experienced in our restaurant. I have taken my time to investigate your case and the possible reason I could give you is that my staff didnt have record of your booking and so you had to wait for 45 minutes to be seated because the restaurant was full. We are terribly sorry if you were embarrassed by our service. During the 45 minutes the manager sat you at the bar and gave your party free drinks. As soon as the table were clear, the staff sat you down in two different tables and meanwhile we were preparing vegetarian food. I have come up with a solution to solve these problems. I will be talking to my staff about the record of booking. I will also have word with the waitress and provide better training on dealing with customers. I will make sure the systems work correctly. For the Disappointment service you had received by our restaurant we will provide you a free meal and better service from our restaurant. Once again I am terribly sorry for the service provided by our restaurant

Important attributes needed for a good leader

Important attributes needed for a good leader Leadership is an attribute, its hard to define and theres tons of different definition for just the word leadership. There arent clear definition about leadership but I will do give some definition of leadership and the attribute found in the leader in leading itself. Leadership does not equal to leader because there are also leader without of leadership but of course those leader are being categorize failure. Having a leadership does not mean youre being a good leader too you may have the basic attribute but it may not be good. Basically leadership is people who are able to influence other people o attain an aim to the goal. It may not be the one who set the pathway but being a leader with leadership will allow you to influence other to achieve the goal set fast and also effectively. The simples definition of explaining leadership is that leadership is the art of motivates a group of persons to act toward achieve a common goal. In more simply way to define, the leaders is the inspiration and also a director of the decision making. A leader weather he or she is the person in a group that making decision and combination of personalities and skills that makes others person to follow their direction. In business situation, leadership is also combining to performance. Effective leaders are those who increases their companys bottom lines. To further explain the issue, we tend to use the term leadership and management changeably, refers to a companys management structure as its leadership, or to individual who are actually manager as the leaders of different management teams, it is not say that this is not good, it just point out that leader has to involve more. To be an effective and a good leader, a leader sometimes has to manage the resources at his or her disposal. But leadership also involves in communicate with people, inspire their members and supervising their workers. Three more of the main skills as a leader have to have to become successful leader it is nature born or we have to make effort to be a leader? While there are some people who seem like naturally endowed with more leadership ability than other people, but I think that people can learn to become a good and efficient leaders by concentrate to improve in particular leadership skills. Few example of position that needs leadership are manager, chairperson, coach and so forth. However people in position that are labeled managerial or supervisor have more opportunities t exert leadership. Leadership behavior is expected more frequently from supervisors and manager than from other types of employees. Such expectations often profoundly affect the behavior of both those who hold leadership positions and those around them. People act as leaders for many reasons and their effort are not necessarily aimed solely at the attainment of a groups organizations goal. So leader motives can be directed as multiple objectives, including their own objectives, instead or the organizations. A simple explanation of what leader to us is as an influence that assists a group or an organization to meet them own goal, objective and perform success. This implies that effective leadership is enabling behavior that is to help other accomplish something more than they can and also aid them in t heir work be the sole motivation of the procedure. Leader will need to monitor their subordinates too such as making sure they are on the right path to finish their job or giving the motivation so they can move on fast and be more efficient. There are some attribute that leader should have and it will be a goal for them and that is trustworthy, encouraging, honest, decisive, communicative, and also dependent. The next attribute that manager should not have is non irritable, ruthless, egocentric and asocial. These are the examples of leader attributes view as positive or negative depending on culture are ambitious, individualistic, cautious, class conscious and evasive. But in different culture it may be different for example individualistic is good as in when youre working in United State of America but not when youre working in Japan. There are a few lists to roughly define as good leaders that are a leader plans, the main job of leadership is being prepare rather than waiting. Sometime leaders will make crises, but that does not mean leader will sit around and let the crises develop. A good Leader will involves through identify the problems and solve them before they reach the crisis proportion and leader should have t he ability to identify and reap potential windfall. So a good leader should analyzes and plan and adapt his plan to new circumstance and opportunity. Next a good and efficient leader should have his vision. A vision is essential to good leadership. A vision can provides direction for them to move on if without vision and direction, the business may dont know the way should move on. So if you dont have one vision for your business, take your first step towards leadership by creating a Vision Statement for your business. Because it embodies your dreams and passion, a vision statement will also serve as a leadership vision. Responsibilities are important tool for a business. A leader will take charge at this stage by using their leadership, and put the leadership vision and planning together to implementing a specific plan to help to improve the businesss bottom line or make responses to the crisis. As a leader is the person who makes the decision or see that the appropriate actions ar e carried out. A leader had needed to act and to be seen as taking effective action for the best of your business. Last explanation is the motivation and inspiration from leaders. This is because a leader inspires through example, if I asked you, you could easily name three people whose have the leadership qualities to inspire you. If I asked you why, youd tell me about the things these inspiring people did or are doing. Leadership is defined through action. Therefore, in developing your own leadership skills, you have to show in ways that are fit to your leadership, vision and yourself all the time. We can all name many actions of other people whom we have admire, but what that inspire us is the integrity that give these actions meaning. Becoming a leader is not easy because it takes a conscious commitment and consistent effort to develop ones leadership skills. But on the positive side, a person would like to become a good leader has to make effort to it and as a good leader is cr itical to business success, your efforts to improve your leadership skills will be amply rewarded. By working on these five keys of leadership, you can become a successful leader in your business needs and run it efficiently. With these attribute and example there are a few different type of leadership, first it will be the organizational leadership that means it is an interpersonal process that involves attempts to influence other person in an organization goals. Secondly, it will be the effective leadership who influence that assists a group or organization to perform successful and meet their goals and objectives. Thirdly its the rarest and most unique type of leadership whose born with and hardly can be found, that is charismatic leader it is a leadership by someone who has influence over others based on individual inspiration qualities rather than formal power. Fourthly there is transformational leadership, its a leadership that motivates follower to ignore self interests and work for the larger good of the organization to achieve significant accomplishments, emphasis is on articulating vision that will convince subordinates to make major changes. Next it will be transactional leadership, it is a typ e of leadership that focus on motivating followers self interests by exchanging rewards for their compliance. Emphasis is on having subordinates implement procedures correctly and make needed, but relatively routine, changes. Leadership comes in many forms from different perspective from different people who shares different thinking. But majority do still share the same concept. Leadership come in a form that is trainable, charismatic will be hard but nothing is impossible. It is always good for a leader who is trained from the scratch because it will make them more experience and durable in case there will be any harsh or tough battle they may face. Leader are the one who taking the lead and will be the one who will help its subordinate and managing their work inspire them and keep them motivated with their top form and not giving out easily. Leader play a great role in task managing, a great leader will have the job done fast and efficient producing great and awesome result. Where as bad leader will produce job thats in contrast from great leader causing it to be crappy and un reliable. Leadership come in a very great role is everything, for example a great teacher or lecturer will produce great studen t its alike to the job that is done by great leader. Which it will highly affect the outcome of everything. With a great leader the employee will also give them respect doing work with their heart rather than just gaining the pay check for every month. If a leader isnt respected the employee wouldnt abide their rule and would now fully taking the order. So I would like to conclude that leadership plays a big role in business and it will make a great difference.

The Importance of Recycling Essay -- Green Energy Recycle Persuasive

You know when you’re walking down the street, drinking your bottled soft drink or water; as you go to throw the bottle away in the trash, have you notice how many of the items in the trash are recyclable. Current reports show that about 80% of the trash that is thrown away is recyclable. Recycling is the third â€Å"R† of the three â€Å"R’s†: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Recycling is defined as taking a product or material at the end of its useful life, and turning it into a usable raw material to create another product. According to Ivanhoe Broadcast News, each year the average American family throws out 2,460 pounds of paper, 540 pounds of metals, 480 pounds of glass and 480 pounds of food scraps. In conclusion the average American throws away more than 1,200 pounds of trash per year, far more than people in most other countries. I personally think that it is ridiculous how unaware and careless people are that they can’t throw an item into a diff erent container, so it can be recycled. To a certain extent it is not just the publics’ fault; I personally believe that the government should set up and take control of the situation. Instead of sitting around as the world becomes more polluted. I believe there are many ways that we can improve this system. For example: technology and electronics are a huge part of our culture and society. The â€Å"fast paced† nature of technology creates products that become outdate very quickly. Electronics not containing lead or mercury are very much recyclable. However, instead of recycling, people just throw these items away, not thinking ... ... anything to help, we as a nation need to step up and support the cause. It is our future, so we must make something out of it. Words Cited Good Will statistics: http://www.wheremostneeded.org/2007/06/corprate_thinki.html By â€Å"blog† Broadcast News, Ivanhoe. â€Å"Re-using and recycling is beneficial.† News 8 Austin 06 August2006. Cell phone statistics: http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/cell_phone_culture.htm By James Katz Alumin Statistics: http://www.chymist.com/alum.pdf By David A. Katz Organic material statistics: http://www.co.allen.in.us/images/stories/Purdue%20CES/Horticulture/ach125.pdf By Allen E. Boger

Solutions to the Foreclosure Crisis in Cleveland Essay -- Economics

Cleveland, Ohio faces a vacant property crisis. Steady abandonment of vacant properties, both residential and commercial, has diminished stability, property values, and public safety in the city of Cleveland and its neighboring suburbs. This multi-faceted problem of mortgage loan delinquency and bank walk-aways in Cleveland has generated an extensive legal discussion concerning pressing public policy matters. The foreclosure crisis in Cleveland has imposed significant financial burdens upon taxpayers and area residents who have been forced to shoulder burdens that are rightfully the responsibility of borrowers, mortgage lenders and others that are direct parties to the mortgage transaction. Indeed, â€Å"the failure of borrowers and lenders to pay the full social costs of nonprime lending also leads to perverse market effects, as less-than-scrupulous lending organizations overextend credit to highly foreclosure-prone borrowers.† Economic conditions and predatory lending in Cleveland have hindered the city from being able to effectively respond to the crisis. However, Cleveland has been successful in its property acquisition tools for revitalization, namely its city land bank. The use of the city land bank has been a key element in the successful efforts of community development corporations (CDCs), but as economic conditions and challenges have plagued the Cleveland housing market, this tool is no longer as effective in generating a sufficient pipeline of properties for redevelopment. Recognizing that reinvigorating the city’s land bank was a key measure to pursue in light of economic changes, the Cleveland Housing Renewal Project (CHRP), a non-profit organization subsidiary of Neighborhood Progress Incorporated (NPI), filed an ac... ..., and if and when foreclosure does occur, the banks, not the municipalities, should be held accountable for property-code violations on those homes. To promote economic development and to assist low-income communities in the midst of this housing crisis, laws must be strengthened to make it harder for banks to flip homes to out-of-state LLCs like Interstate Investment. In terms of litigation, housing courts should consider the order by Judge Pianka when deciding who should bear the burden of paying foreclosed and distressed residential properties. Cleveland is a location where real estate development is needed to overcome the crisis of foreclosure. The remedies will not be quick, but holding lenders accountable for their properties and developing legislation to discourage conveyances to foreign LLCs are some important ways to turn abandonment into opportunity.

Hamlets Immaturity in Shakespeares Hamlet :: essays research papers

Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing. Hamlet's Immaturity in Shakespeare's Hamlet :: essays research papers Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing.

Powerful institutions such as the mass media, the police and judiciary label social groups as deviants and/or criminals

Labelling is present in many areas of sociology, and crime and deviance is no exception. It involves a ‘label' or categorisation being applied to someone or to the social group of which they belong, either rightfully or wrongfully, which can have detrimental or positive effects. Various institutions label social groups, some believe it is done predominantly by the police, mass media and judiciary system. By exploring aspects like moral panics, arrests, and laws passed by the judiciary, we will establish to what extent these institutions do label these social groups as deviants and/or criminals. Labelling theory is a theoretical approach derived from symbolic interactionism, which looks at the consequences of having a particular social typing or label placed on an act, group or person. What the labelling theory alerts us to is the way in which the whole area of crime is dependent upon social constructions of reality – law creation, law enforcement and the identities of law breakers are all questionable. The media composes a key element of creating these social constructions. When considering reports of crime on television for example, they are thought to help create or inform people's perceptions of crime, and of which social groups are deviants and/or criminals. There is also a problem when defining ‘criminal' and ‘deviant' because it depends on the individuals own perceptions, there is no universal definition. The relationship between the media and crime when concerning labelling theory is emphasized by a concept known as a moral panic. The idea of a moral panic can be defined as outrage stirred up by the media in reaction to a particular social group or issue. Sociologist Stan Cohen in his study of the ‘mods and rockers' first adopted the term. Since the media had a lack of new stories around that time, they caused these two groups to be classified as ‘folk devils', meaning that they were the subjects of the moral panic and seen as troublemakers. Due to the extensive media coverage, young people were classified or ‘labelled' as either ‘mods' or ‘rockers', and some internalised the label and were actually violent. Consequently, this helped to create the violent stereotype that the ‘mods' and ‘rockers' were supposedly famous for. This confirmed the media's image that they were troublemakers to the public. Becker examined the possible effects upon the individual of being publicly labelled as deviant. It is a ‘master status'. The youths were stigmatised and given this label by the media as deviant troublemakers, so eventually come to see themselves as being deviant – their master status. All other qualities become unimportant, and they person is responded to solely in terms of their master status. If someone is labelled as criminal for example, this largely overrides their status as parent, neighbour, friend etc. nd others only respond in terms of the label. The police may also target the youths on once this moral panic occurs, so the may change their behaviour to avert punishment or stigma. Discussion of the area concerning the police's role of applying these deviant labels to social groups is also an interesting one. Since there are significantly higher rates of imprisonment of blacks than their proportion in the population, the issue is important when considering race. The Metropolitan police, for example, reported that 37% of those stopped were from ‘ethnic minorities', where as they form 20% of London's population. There are higher rates of stop and search among black and Asian youth than among white youth. Arrest rates of alleged offenders were also significantly higher for those of Afro-Caribbean origins than whites. A study by Walker suggests that, although there may well be police bias in stops and arrests, statistically the difference in arrest rates is so high that the only way this could explain the discrepancy in the figures would be ‘to arrest black people more or less at random and charge them falsely'. Blom-Cooper and Drabble argued that black defendants are likely to be charged with more serious crimes than white defendants when the actual offences committed are similar. For example, black defendants are more likely than other groups to be remanded in custody. Stephen Lawrence is an example, of a black person being treated unjustly by the criminal justice system. Four white people were accused of his murder, but were not found guilty. There was a lot of controversy surrounding the case, as the Metropolitan police were accused of tampering with the evidence so it was inadmissible in court. The question is, had it of been four black people murdering a white person would the case have had the same outcome? In reviewing this evidence, it seems that the treatment of black people in the criminal justice system is very unsatisfactory. It seems the police are labelling the blacks as deviant, concentrating policing in the inner city areas where the majority are. The judiciary system already has preconceived ideas about blacks, and this affects the amount that are arrested, prosecuted and put on trial in the courts. Some would say that black youths have even developed their own subcultures, as a form of resistance to capitalism and negative labelling. From a Marxist perspective, youth are the social group that are under the least control by the bourgeoisie. They do not pay taxes or have mortgages, like the working-class do. Since the youth then find it hard to legitimately achieve the high societal goals, they develop ‘magical solutions' via youth subculture. In the same way, blacks have found themselves marginalized from white society, and in response have developed their own subculture resisting capitalism and often turning to crime. They are essentially ‘driven underground' by the labels the media and police apply. Another social group that the media and police can be seen to ‘drive underground' is the subculture of drug-takers. This is a good example of how the police label this social group as deviant and a problem to society. In a study by Parker, he found that the drug-takers regarded their activity as being wholly innocent and consisting of just ‘having fun'. Another interesting aspect is that the drug-takers come from backgrounds that just do not fit the media's stereotype of a deviant criminal. Parker discovered in his study that drug-takers are mostly middle-class, in full time work or further or higher education. Furthermore, there is little if any violence and most clubbers were reported to feel ‘completely safe'. It is thought that the media and police's labelling of this social groups is a little extreme, and is resulting in the culture being driven further underground. Another instance of this media labelling surrounds the case of the death of Leah Betts, when she died after taking an ecstasy tablet on her 18th birthday. The media claimed she was ‘poisoned' by the drug, called for tougher legislation and their was a lot of outrage stirred up by extensive media coverage. After various tests, it was then revealed that the pill she had taken was virtually pure and she had kidney failure from drinking too much water. It seems that sadly, the only person responsible for her death was herself, and the pill was perhaps just there at the wrong time. It was also revealed it was not the first ecstasy pill she had taken. After the moral panic and the way the media amplified the situation, it turns out there is little supporting evidence for their claims. Perhaps this subculture is not as deviant as the media make out, even classifying drug-taking as a subculture is questionable since millions of ecstasy pills are sold each year and their use if widespread. A confidential survey of pupils' behaviour in a representative sample of 20 fee-paying schools showed 43 per cent of pupils in the lower sixth form (aged 16-17) reported experimenting with drugs and one in eight said they were regular users. Illegal drug taking is no longer limited to a disaffected and rebellious few. It is part of the culture of teenagers. They do not believe it is as dangerous as we say it is. Even where they recognise the dangers, they are not deterred believing that most enjoyable activities involve some risks,† the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference (HMC) said. A 19-year-old who left a private sixth form college last summer, and was previously at a fee-paying boarding school in London, talks about drugs and school. He says â€Å"From the age of 14 upwards, about 50 per cent of us were smoking marijuana at lunchtime. And I can't think of anyone from my sixth form who hasn't tried drugs. † There have been many other moral panics as well as drug takers that have le to the stigmatization of various groups by the media and police. One such case that stigmatized young people was the murder of James Bulger. Two 11-year-old boys in Liverpool from a shopping mall abducted James Bulger. He had massive injuries inflicted upon him, which resulted in his death and he was left on a railway line. The deviant act committed by the children dominated newspaper headlines and stirred up public outrage. The murder was portrayed by the media as a horrific act, which symbolized the degeneration of modern British society, despite the fact that statistically such murders were extremely rare and the UK, though not unique. When Mary Bell aged 11 years old murdered two toddlers in 1968 there was no such moral panic, and seemed to be largely ignored by the press. The media used the Bulger case to symbolise all that was wrong with Britain, they focused on the difference between innocence and evil and why we as a society had allowed it happen, it suggested the increase of public indifference, lowering family values and increasing isolation. It generated massive public guilt, and since predicted a breakdown of societal values and cohesion. There was a significant focus on child crime, as people searched for answers to this tragedy. The group's stigmatization was further fuelled by polices claims that juvenile crime was on the increase and young people were out of control, breaking the law due to insufficient penalties for their delinquency. This prompted demands for tighter controls, curfews for young people and stricter laws. However, other statistics showed that juvenile crime had indeed dropped, these were dismissed by the authorities because claiming the figures a misrepresentation and only appeared so due to a reduction in numbers in the juvenile population. There were also calls for stricter controls on violent films as it was reported by the media that the boys may have been influenced by the film Child's Play III though there is little evidence in place to support this argument. Overall, it seems the police; mass media and judiciary do label social groups as deviant and/or criminals. From the above examples, we can see cases where this happens with a resulting effect of alienating or categorizing a social group in a negative light. When the powerful institutions do seem to label, it does however largely depend on one's definition of criminal or deviant, but the powerful institutions can be seen to play a part in creating this definition.

Anti War Movement And Impacts On Vietnam War History Essay

Of all the major wars in which the United States was involved, none have been more controversial than the war in Vietnam. The Vietnam War, a diplomatic attempt by the United States, split the state in half. It was a war surrounded by contention and guess with engagement non merely from authorities functionaries but from amusement personalities every bit good as legion mass presentations on college campuses across the state. With the aid of these mass presentations, the backdown of American military personnels would go on even before the war in Vietnam was over and a presidential dirt would finally come up assisting a rapid remotion of military personnels from Vietnam. From the Gulf of Tonkin incident to the slaughter at My Lai and the shots at Kent State University, it would go a war which could non easy be forgotten. History shows that Vietnam was non a fledgling to war and in fact had been engaged in some kind of struggle dating as far back as 200 B.C. when it was invaded by the Hans from China. Ruled for 100s of old ages, the Vietnamese eventually achieved what they thought would be their independency. However, this did non stop the feuds and struggles in the state and Vietnam would see itself once more contending encroachers from China every bit good as Mongolia. In the early nineteenth century, Vietnam was eventually able to throw out all encroachers and get down a new dynasty. The new dynasty, known as the Nguyen Dynasty, would see itself overtaken by Gallic encroachers who would finally colonise Vietnam and command the full state. However in 1930, after being colonized by the Gallic for about 50 old ages, the Vietnamese Communist Party was founded. The Vietnamese so began to arise against the Gallic every bit good the Japanese, who besides occupied Vietnam during WWII, under the leading of Nguyen Ai Quoc ( subsequently known as Ho Chi Minh ) . Finally in 1954, after about two and a half decennaries of contending against the Gallic, the Vietnamese were able to throw out the Gallic in the well known conflict at Dien Bien Phu. As a consequence of their triumph at Dien Bien Phu and the Geneva Agreement on Vietnam, the state was split into two parts at the 17th analogue. This splitting of the state was supposed to be impermanent and elections were to be held in 1956 to reunite Vietnam ( Vietnamese Embassy in USA, n.d. ) . The elections set for 1956 ne'er happened. Supported by the United States, South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem, in an effort to derive independency and go its ain state, refused to let the elections to be carried through as he knew that Ho Chi Minh would win the presidential term, something that Ngo and the United States decidedly did n't desire to go on. Because of Ngo ‘s refusal to travel through with the elections, which did n't run into the footings of the Geneva Agreement, the North Vietnamese lost trust in any signifier of diplomatic solution to the division of the state. As a consequence, President Eisenhower began directing â€Å" military advisors † to South Vietnam under the justification of the â€Å" Domino consequence † or the â€Å" loss of an ally in Southeast Asia taking to the loss of others † ( Into the morass, 2007, para 5 ) . President Eisenhower ‘s end was to assist South Vietnam retain its independency which would go another ground for American engagement in Vietnam. One twelvemonth after the Vietnamese elections were supposed to go on, Ngo ‘s authorities came under onslaught from South Vietnamese â€Å" Rebels † known as the Viet Cong. Then, in 1959, Hanoi granted permission for an armed opposition against Ngo ‘s authorities in Saigon ( Mitz, 2007 ) . Initially, the United States paid small attending to Ngo ‘s misdirection of the war. However, they did notice confrontations between Ngo, who was Catholic, and Buddhist leaders in Vietnam. This led to a military putsch encouraged by the United States which ousted Ngo from power in 1963. The putsch led to internal combat and treachery among South Vietnamese military functionaries. In 1964 General Nguyen Khanh, taking Ngo ‘s place, became the leader of South Vietnam. During that same twelvemonth, it was realized that the Viet Cong were winning the war as they were going more and more capable of managing ARVN ( Army of the Republic of Viet Nam ) forces. It was at this clip that the United States contemplated taking serious military enterprise against the North ( Moise, 1996 ) . During 1964, several preparation plans were installed in South Vietnam which was chiefly amphibian war tactic preparation. Actually get downing in 1961, the preparation became more aimed toward aquatic preparation which the United States thought would be good in the war against the Communist North. A base was setup at My Khe in 1962 where â€Å" busting parties † were given preparation by Navy SEALs. The different types of developing given to the raiding parties included â€Å" gum elastic boat, aqualung, cross-beach operations, and explosive destruction techniques † all of which were carried out at My Khe Beach on the eastern seashore of the Tien Sha Peninsula. During these preparation operations, several onslaughts on high precedence marks in the North were unsuccessful with several ARVN work forces being captured ( Moise, 1996 ) . During the early portion of 1964, it was decided that RVN Navy officers were unable to transport out any kind of intelligent program and U.S. advisers had to be installed in all grades of military where intelligence was needed. There were legion foraies on North Vietnam from February to July by the American trained RVN â€Å" frog work forces † . However, these foraies amounted to nil more than monolithic losingss for South Vietnamese forces. ( Moise, 1996 ) . Later that twelvemonth on August 2, studies were made of onslaughts on U.S. Navy vass off the seashore of northern Vietnam by usage of North Vietnamese gunman boats. These boats were said to hold attacked the USS Maddox but were merely able to hit it with one slug. The Maddox opened fire and there were onslaughts on these gunmans boats by aircraft from the aircraft bearer Ticonderoga. One of the boats was said to hold sunk and the other to hold been earnestly â€Å" damaged † . Shortly subsequently, the Maddox con tinued its patrol along the North Vietnam coastline accompanied by another destroyer, the USS C. Turner Joy. Once once more, on August 4, as the destroyers were on patrol, gunman boats made attempted another onslaught. These torpedo boats followed behind the destroyers and so moved in at full velocity assailing both vass. The destroyers fought back and when the combat had stopped, sometime after midnight, the three gunman boats were believed to hold been done for or damaged. The destroyers, nevertheless, came out unhurt ( Schlight, 1996 ) . These onslaughts were carried out within merely a few yearss of air foraies on North Vietnamese marks non far from where the destroyers were positioned. However, the onslaughts on these destroyers were considered â€Å" motiveless † and hence led the president at that clip, Lyndon B. Johnson, to show the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to Congress. It passed through the Senate and the House of Representatives with merely two members of the Senate disagreeing. This declaration gave Johnson the power to officially get down â€Å" combat operations † throughout Southeast Asia whenever he felt necessary. It was believed that this declaration would be used in defence of aggression against the United States. Congress hence had no ground to believe that President Johnson would of all time utilize the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to intensify the war in Vietnam ( Moise, 1996 ) . However, there were conflicting studies from the naval vass as to what truly happened with most of the information being extremely exaggerated. Dayss after the onslaughts, initiated by the conflicting studies, Johnson began holding uncertainties which he expressed to George Ball, the Undersecretary of State. Although he had uncertainties after the onslaughts, no grounds can be found of these uncertainties on August 4th when President Johnson gave orders for revenge against North Vietnamese forces. False onslaughts or non, Johnson would decidedly hold force per unit area on him to move as he had been runing for the approaching elections. The events of August 4th and 6th every bit good as a separate onslaught in September in the Gulf of Tonkin together with President Johnson ‘s initial reaction and his inquiring of the credibleness of the onslaughts made the incident one of the precursors of contention that enveloped the United States ‘ engagement in Vietnam ( Moise, 1996 ) . Adding to the contention of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, new information was released with grounds that the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was â€Å" drafted † at least six months before the existent onslaughts on United States military â€Å" vass † . Other information was released which brought to illume the United States ‘ aid of South Vietnamese military foraies on the North. This was said to hold â€Å" provoked † the onslaughts by the North on United States â€Å" vass † . There was besides grounds of Johnson ‘s hyperbole of the existent harm to the ships, which really were non harmed ( Moise, 1996 ) . Another turning point in the Vietnam War merely a few old ages subsequently was the Tet Offensive of 1968. Initiated on January 21, the Tet Offensive began with Communist military personnels enfolding Khe San, a United States Marine base, for a sum of 77 yearss. On January 31st, as a portion of the Tet Offensive, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military personnels attacked metropoliss and towns throughout South Vietnam assailing a sum of 36 â€Å" provincial capitals † , five â€Å" major metropoliss † , 64 â€Å" territory capitals † , and near to fifty â€Å" crossroadss † . The force with which the offense was carried out aghast President Johnson every bit good as American citizens go forthing Americans with small religion that any promotion had been made in Vietnam under President Johnson ‘s war policy ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Get downing in 1965, the United States began directing more and more military personnels to Vietnam. These military personnels were actively involved in operations carried out on the Viet Cong with hopes that the enemy would merely give up. The first of these major operations happened in November 1965. The concluding behind these operations was to seek to interrupt down the ground forcess by wounding or killing a huge figure of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese military personnels. However, Hanoi took the enterprise to direct more military personnels down with which the United States answered by a bomb onslaught along the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other known Viet Cong constitutions. As 1968 was pulling nearer, it was obvious the bombardment along the Ho Chi Minh Trail had about no consequence on the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army and war in the South was acquiring worse twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. By late 1967 readyings for the Tet Offensive had already begun which wou ld take up to the huge combat that would last until fall of the undermentioned twelvemonth ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Early 1968 saw North Vietnamese forces begin violative onslaughts on countries environing Khe San and the North Vietnamese Army began to increase its Numberss in that part. For American war functionaries, this would be the type of combat that would certainly alter the result of the war in favour of the United States. With North Vietnamese forces being forced to contend in a combat type offensive instead than the usual guerrilla war tactics, General Westmoreland saw this as the chance needed to weaken and destruct North Vietnamese forces. In fact, it was believed that the war had already begun to take a bend in favour of the United States. The Viet Cong had been dealt serious blows which accounted for a big sum of casualties. Because of these casualties there was incredulity that America would non win the war, particularly with the type of advanced engineering being used. There was besides disbelief that North Vietnamese forces were still capable of holding a strong military due to th e figure of casualties the North had incurred in the old two old ages. This left Westmoreland unprepared for the onslaughts that would shortly get down on American bases and metropoliss in South Vietnam ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Westmoreland was certain the conflict would be at Khe San and would be after Tet as he did n't believe North Vietnamese forces would assail on such a major vacation. Even holding information that an offense was on the rise and propaganda about an onslaught during the Tet vacation, Westmoreland was still unconvinced. To Westmoreland ‘s surprises, every bit good as that of American and South Vietnamese military personnels, North Vietnamese forces began their onslaughts. The Tet Offensive, which began January 31st, would last for 77 yearss with heavy contending throughout South Vietnam. With more and more intelligence being broadcast at place in respects to the combat and the figure of casualties incurred by American forces, Americans were losing religion in the authorities. However, at the terminal of the Tet Offensive, Westmoreland had credited it as a triumph for American forces. Americans back place could n't understand the construct of a triumph with so many casualties incurr ed by American and Allied forces particularly when it seemed that North Vietnam had a ne'er stoping supply of man-power. This led to American ‘s belief that the authorities had been lying the full clip about the advancement in Vietnam ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . The Tet Offensive led to half of American citizenss being wholly against any escalations in Vietnam whatsoever. This resistance led to many protests which became known as the Anti-War Movement. Resistance to the war in Vietnam was merely intensified after the Tet Offensive and intelligence of the sum of casualties America had suffered. Many of these protests became violent taking to a few really important events in the Anti-War Movement. In March 1968, New York University pupils protested the presence of recruiters from napalm maker Dow Chemical Company, which supplied the United States military with napalm which was used in Vietnam, every bit good as military recruiters on campus. A month subsequently, the beginning of the escalation of the Anti-War Movement had begun when pupils at Columbia University took over an disposal edifice doing Columbia University to be closed. The business of the disposal edifice escalated into a surety state of affairs with a few school functionaries bei ng held for at least 24 hours. The pupils were removed from the edifice by utilizing constabularies force which would non be the last clip constabularies used force to command anti-war protestors. That same twelvemonth during the Democratic Convention in Chicago protestors and constabulary forces would once more run into with constabulary forces utilizing beastly force to command the protests. To do the state of affairs even worse, the constabulary did non let telecasting Stationss to be in the locality of the Democratic Convention for fear the newsmans would impede the exiting of the Democratic campaigners ( Barringer, 1999 ) should the demand arise. Though protests began in 1963, the two old mentioned protests would be the accelerators that really set the Anti-War Movement on the way that would finally see the motion holding casualties. Just a twosome of old ages after the protests in New York and Chicago, the lives of several pupils would be taken in 1970 after information became public refering a monolithic American military cover-up in which American forces in several little crossroadss in South Vietnam massacred 100s of unarmed Vietnamese civilians in a hunt for Viet Cong military personnels ; largely adult females, kids, and older work forces. This would go known as the My Lai Massacre and it sparked monolithic protests across the state. ( Barringer, 1999 ) . Richard M. Nixon would subsequently be elected as president of the United States with promises of an terminal to the war in Vietnam, something which the American populace had been hankering to hear. Surprisingly, in April 1970, President Nixon made the determination to occupy Cambodia in order to assail Viet Cong campsites which had been used as a hideaway. With anti-war sentiments already being strong across the state as a consequence of America ‘s continued engagement in Vietnam, non to advert the slaughter at My Lai, the invasion of Cambodia would merely add more fuel to these sentiments making more animus from anti-war protestors towards the American engagement in Vietnam. In May 1970, amid studies of President Nixon ‘s determination to occupy Cambodia, pupils held big protests and sit-ins on college campuses throughout the United States. Death finally would go a portion of the Vietnam War non merely in Vietnam but in the United States every bit good. On May 4th, afte r a declaration of a province of exigency in Kent, Ohio by the city manager a few yearss before, the Ohio National Guard fired upon protestors at Kent University with a few people being killed, including two non-protestors, and several others being wounded. ( Lewis & A ; Hensley, 1998 ) . All these major events, from the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to the Kent State shots, would do the Anti-War Movement against American engagement in Vietnam one of the most exultant anti-war motions in the history of all United States anti-war motions. The protests and the figure of casualties in Vietnam would play a important function in the backdown of American military personnels from Vietnam. During Johnson ‘s presidential term, the anti-war motion had a momentous function in haltering the war and had a big impact â€Å" in the disposal ‘s policy reversal in 1968 † . Subsequently, at the clip of Nixon ‘s presidential term, the anti-war protests accelerated the detachment of U.S. military personnels, continued to halter the war, harbored the decline of U.S. troop â€Å" morale and subject † , which helped to rush up troop backdown, and led to statute law which would cut off support of the war from the United States. The Anti-War Movement besides harbor ed indicants of the Watergate dirt, which played a major function in seting an terminal to the war by enfeebling Nixon ‘s power in Congress hence enfeebling his â€Å" ability to go on the war † . The United States would see the backdown of the last active combat military personnels from Vietnam in 1973 ( Wells, 1999 ) .